Leeson 34

Lesson 34: The Invention of Machines

Learning Objective

Appreciating the invention of machines that make life easier

Syllabus Correlations

· Theme: Investigating Materials

· Learning Area: Waste Management

· Learning Objective: Appreciating the invention of machines that make life easier

Learning Outcomes:

Pupils should be able to:

· predict how life is without machines

· explain how machines can make our lives easier

· design a machine to solve a problem

Concept(s) Introduced:

· what the effects of machines to life;

· design a machine to solve a problem.

Skills Covered:

· Observing, classifying, making inferences, interpreting data, making conclusions, comparing and contrasting.

Vocabulary/ New Words:

agricultural, complex machine, machine, pulley, simple machine, wheel and axle

Value(s) Incorporated:

· Having an interest in and curiosity about the environment.

· Being diligent and persevering.

· Realising that science is a means to understand nature.

· Thinking rationally

· Analysing the things around us

Materials Needed:

-

Point(s) to Note:

Explain the effects of machines to life.

Teaching Strategies
Set Induction	Show the images of machines. Ask pupils what is the importance of machines. Teacher explains the importance of a lever, crane and an inclined plane. Component: Introduction
Step 1	Play the content component. Ask pupils what the advantages of using machines are. Teacher explains that machines have been used for a long time. Ask pupils to imagine what happens to daily tasks when there are no machines to help us. Explain that many things would have to be done using bare hands. Play the content component. Teacher explains the uses of bottle cap opener, can opener and claw hammer. Ask pupils whether is it possible to perform tasks without using machines. Play the content component. Teacher explains the general uses of machines. Ask pupils to give examples of machines and their uses. Teacher highlights machines like vehicles. Ask pupils what would happen if there are no cars, trains and aeroplanes. Play the content component. Ask pupils what the uses of washing machine, clock, knife, screwdriver, pencil sharpener, scissors, hammer and wheelbarrow are. Ask pupils how each machine is useful. Ask pupils to explain what happens without the use of such machines. Play the content component. Teacher explains that machines are to be used according to the purposes that they are created for. For example, scissors is not to be used to open a tin or hammer nails. Play the content component. Pupils are to be involved in designing a machine that is made up of simple machines. Teacher explains the steps to be taken that are identifying a problem, planning and making a model. Help pupils to prepare the items needed to design and build a machine. Explain how the machine is to be built. Ask pupils to identify the simple machines involved in the machine. Component : Content
Step 2	Play the activity component. Ask pupils to gather information from internet regarding the history of watches. Ask pupils to arrange pictures as according to the year of invention. Ask pupils to differentiate the watches and how changes occur. Component: Activity
Step 3	There are five questions in this component covering the learning outcomes. Questions 1 to 3 are objective questions. Q4 is a drag and drop activity. Pupils drag and drop the correct answers for the questions. Q5 consists of true or false questions. Pupils need to identify whether the statements are true or false. Use evaluation sheets to assess the pupils’ understanding of this lesson. Component: Evaluation
Step 4	A case study on the effects of lack of machines in agricultural activities. Ask pupils what are used in replace of machines. Teacher explains that more energy and time are expended. Ask pupils what are the effects of not using machines. Ask pupils to compare with the effects when machines are used. Component: Extension
Conclusion	Conclude the lesson by playing this component to further reinforce understanding of the lesson. Help pupils to understand what are the examples and benefits of machines. Emphasise how to design machine that involves simple machines to help solve problem. Component : Summary