Thursday 27 October 2011

Lesson 16

Lesson 16: Different Types Of Surfaces Have Different Effects on Movement


Learning Objective


Analysing friction.

Syllabus Correlations

· Theme: Investigating force and energy.

· Learning Area: Force

· Learning Objective: Analysing friction

Learning Outcome:

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

· design a fair test to find out how different types of surfaces affect the distance a trolley moves by deciding what to change, what to keep the same and what to measure.

Concept(s) Introduced:

· different condition of surface will gives different amount of friction.

Skills Covered:

· Observing, classifying, making inferences, interpreting data, making conclusions, comparing and contrasting.

Vocabulary/ New Words:

· Measure, applications, nuisance, hinder motion, compromise.

Value(s) Incorporated:

· Having an interest and curiosity towards the environment.

· Being diligent and persevering.

· Realising that science is a means to understand nature.

· Thinking rationally

Materials Needed:

- trolley, toy car, plank, glass, sandpaper, wood.

Point(s) to Note:

- frictions can be increased or reduced by using different type of material.

Teaching Strategies

Set Induction

Teacher plays the Introduction component. Teacher gives the situation of cycling a bicycle and drives a car in differences surfaces - rough surface and smooth surface. Which is easier? Which surface has more friction?

Ask pupils their common sense on these two videos. Accept their answers. Allow pupils to give some other examples of rough surfaces and smooth surfaces. Which types of surfaces has more/less friction? Guide pupils to understand that different surfaces have different effects on movement.

Component: Introduction

Step 1

Teacher plays the video clips concerning different surfaces have different effects on movement. Teacher guide pupils to design a fair test to find out how different types of surfaces affect the distance a trolley moves.

Component: Content 1

Teacher gives the guideline on what to change: type of surface; what to keep the same: trolley and wooden block; what to measure on this test: distance travelled by the trolley.

Teacher needs to prepare three types of surfaces: table top, glass sheet and sandpaper, a trolley, a wooden block and plane.

Teacher gives the procedures to set up the apparatus. Ask pupils to set up the plane, the trolley will slide down the table top when the trolley is released. The distance travelled by the trolley is measured. Repeat with the table top with a glass sheet and sandpaper respectively.

Teacher gives the hypotheses of the experiment: the rougher the surface, the shorter the distance travelled by the trolley. Guide the pupils to fill in the worksheet. Guide pupils to discuss that when friction is small, the trolley can move a longer distance before it stops. Help pupils to understand that, when friction is great, the trolley can only move a short distance. Guide pupils to conclude that different surfaces have different effects on movement.

Component: Content 2

Step 2

There are seven questions in this activity.

Pupil has fifteen seconds to answer each question. This activity is game based. It covers all learning outcomes.

Component: Activity

Step 3

There are five questions in this component cover the learning outcomes. For Questions 1 to 3, allow pupils choose the correct answers for the objective questions. Q4 contains of drag and drop, pupils need to drag and drop the correct answers for the questions appeared. Q5 consists of true or false questions. Pupils need to identify whether the statements are true or false.

Teacher can use the evaluation that will assess the pupils’ understanding of the lesson.

Component: Evaluation

Step 4

Teacher plays the Extension component concerning tar road. Give some reasons why tar road are more commonly found in Malaysia compared to cement road.

Component: Extension

Conclusion

Teacher concludes the lesson by playing this component to further reinforce understanding of the lesson. Teacher asks pupils to understand different condition of surface will gives different amount of friction. Prompt pupils to list the rougher a surface, the trolley moves slower than compare to smoother surface.

Component: Summary

Lesson 15

Lesson 16: The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Friction


Learning Objective


Analysing friction.

Syllabus Correlations

· Theme: Investigating force and energy.

· Learning Area: Force

· Learning Objective: Analysing friction

Learning Outcomes:

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

· state the advantages of friction;

· state the disadvantages of friction.

Concept(s) Introduced:

· friction has its advantages and disadvantages.

Skills Covered:

· Observing, classifying, making inferences, interpreting data, making conclusions, comparing and contrasting.

Vocabulary/ New Words:

· Extra force, cooling system, tyres, brake pads, excess friction, extra fuel, highway.

Value(s) Incorporated:

· Having an interest and curiosity towards the environment.

· Being diligent and persevering.

· Realising that science is a means to understand nature.

· Thinking rationally

· Analyse the things around us

· Identifying relevant contents associated with environment and everyday life experience

Materials Needed:

- oil, cup, eraser.

Point(s) to Note:

- Friction causes heat.

- Friction can be useful in many area of application.

- Friction causes wear and tear.

Teaching Strategies

Set Induction

Teacher plays the Introduction component. Teacher gives the situation of tyre worn out and engine produces heat. Recaps the effects of friction that causes damages to the things around us. View the video of riding motorcycle with a worn out tyre. It is not safe. Ask pupils why and what will happen. Encourage pupils to give the suggestion on how to prevent car overheat; suggest ways to overcome it. Guide pupils to recap the effects of friction. Help pupils to understand the advantages and disadvantages of friction. Ask pupils of their common sense on these two videos. Emphasise that we should be careful on our safety of our life.

Component: Introduction

Step 1

Teacher plays the video clips about friction. Allow pupils to discuss and give some other examples of advantages of friction. Teacher recaps the concept of friction that opposes the movement of an object. It occurs when two surfaces rub against each other. Discuss the effects of friction that gives advantages in our daily life. Teacher gives the five examples in our daily life that highlight the advantages of friction. Allow pupils to give some other examples of advantages of friction. Ask pupils list them down on a piece of paper and present it to the class.

Component: Content 1

Teacher shows the articles concerning the disadvantages of friction. Allow pupils to discuss and give some other examples of disadvantages of friction. Teacher recaps the effects of friction that causes disadvantages in our daily life. Teacher gives the three examples in our daily life that shows the disadvantages of friction. Allow pupils to give some other disadvantages of friction. Ask pupils to list them down on a piece of paper and present it to the class.

Component: Content 2

Step 2

Pupils need to group the items into the table of advantages and disadvantages of friction. Pupil has sixty seconds to do the grouping. This activity is game based. It covers all learning outcomes.

Component: Activity

Step 3

There are five questions in this component cover the learning outcomes. For Questions 1 to 3, allow pupils choose the correct answers for the objective questions. Q4 contains of drag and drop, pupils need to drag and drop the correct answers for the questions appeared. Q5 consists of true or false questions. Pupils need to identify whether the statements are true or false.

Teacher can use the evaluation that will assess the pupils’ understanding of the lesson.

Component: Evaluation

Step 4

Teacher plays the Extension component about friction which is necessary in our daily activities. Too much friction or too little friction will cause problems in our life. Guide pupils to understand that how compromise is necessary to get just enough friction or a proper combination of frictions.

Component: Extension

Conclusion

Teacher concludes the lesson by playing this component to further reinforce understanding of the lesson. Teacher asks pupils to state the advantages and disadvantages of friction. Prompt pupils to list the advantages and disadvantages of friction in a class.

Component: Summary