Lesson 14

Lesson 14: Ways To Increase Or Reduce Friction.

Learning Objective

Analysing friction.

Syllabus Correlations

· Theme: Investigating force and energy.

· Learning Area: Force

· Learning Objective: Analysing friction

Learning Outcomes:

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

· describe ways to reduce friction;

· describe ways to increase friction.

Concept(s) Introduced:

· Friction and be increase or reduce

Skills Covered:

· Observing, classifying, making inferences, interpreting data, making conclusions, comparing and contrasting.

Vocabulary/ New Words:

· Rollers, ball bearings, lubricants, grease, door hinges, engine oil, cushion, talcum powder, polished smooth, prevent skidding, rougher surfaces, patterns, soles of shoes, tread of tyres, better grip, slippery surfaces, handles of rackets, golf clubs, anti-slip mats, prevent slipping, streamlined shape, conveyor belt.

Value(s) Incorporated:

· Having an interest and curiosity towards the environment.

· Being diligent and persevering.

· Realising that science is a means to understand nature.

· Thinking rationally

Materials Needed:

- oil, talcum powder, grease, roller, ball bearing.

Point(s) to Note:

- We increase the friction when it is useful in our daily live.

- We reduce the friction when it brings unproductive effects to us.

Teaching Strategies
Set Induction	Teacher gives the problems based on the video clip: car overheats and slippery road. Ask pupils to give suggestion on how to solve these problems. Teacher plays the Introduction component. Brainstorming the pupils those problems occurs because of friction. Let the pupils give solutions on friction. Encourage the pupils to put up their hands to answer the questions. Teacher uses the video to explain the problems caused by friction, effects of friction and solutions to overcome friction. Component: Introduction
Step 1	Teacher gives a scenario why we need to reduce friction. Teacher plays the video clips concerning ways to reduce friction. Teacher pause the video clip that related to luggage for a while, ask pupils ways to overcome friction. Continue to play the video, pupils will get the idea on ways to reduce friction. Teacher gives the five ways to reduce friction. Allow pupils to suggest some other ways to reduce friction. Ask pupils list them down on a piece of paper and present it to the class. Component: Content 1 Teacher gives a scenario why we need to increase friction. Teacher plays the video clips concerning ways to increase friction. Teacher pause the video clip that related to car skidding for a while, ask pupils ways to overcome friction. Continue to play the video, pupils will get the idea on ways to increase friction. Teacher gives the three ways to increase friction. Allow pupils to give some other ways to increase friction. Ask pupils list them down on a piece of paper and present it to the class. Component: Content 2
Step 2	In this activity, pupils need to choose ways to reduce friction. There are ten options for pupils to choose. Pupils need to think rationally before they choose the answers. Component: Activity
Step 3	There are five questions in this component cover the learning outcomes. For Questions 1 to 3, allow pupils choose the correct answers for the objective questions. Q4 contains of drag and drop, pupils need to drag and drop the correct answers for the questions appeared. Q5 consists of true or false questions. Pupils need to identify whether the statements are true or false. Teacher can use the evaluation that will assess the pupils’ understanding of the lesson. Component: Evaluation
Step 4	Teacher plays the Extension component about excess friction means that extra fuel must be used to power the vehicle. In other words, petrol is being wasted because of the friction. Guide pupils to understand that how petrol can be saved as we drive in highway with window closed. Component: Extension
Conclusion	Teacher concludes the lesson by playing this component to further reinforce understanding of the lesson. Teacher asks pupils to describe ways to reduce or increase friction. Prompt pupils to list all of them in the class. Component: Summary